Ch5_EisenbergAmandaE

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What Do You See? It looks like the two students made a pully and attached a can to it. The can makes sounds depending on the length and tension of the string.

What Do You Think? By plucking different "chords" on the string, the sound variates from higher to lower pitches

Inquiring Further Live sound technicians mainly work in the music industry to help out musicians during concerts and other performances. Sound technicians need to take into account the space/venue the artist is performing in, and works with mixing boards to make sure the volume is good. http://education-portal.com/articles/Job_Description_of_a_Live_Sound_Technician.html

Physics Talk

**Vibrate:** move back and forth rapidly **Variable:** something that can change or vary during an investigation **Pitch:** how high or low a note is
 * Changing the tension changes the pitch

Checking Up 1) When tension is increased, the pitch is heightened 2) When the length is decreased, the pitch is heightened 3) It increased tension and pitch 4) The contact between a drum and a drum stick creates the same kind of sound wave as a string being plucked.

Physics To Go 1A) You can pull harder on the string or add more mass to the end. 1B) The tighter the string, the higher the pitch.

2A) When you push on a fret, you extend the length of the string beyond the point that it vibrates. 2B) The shorter the length the higher the pitch

3A) The length of the string has to be proportional to the tension to keep the pitch constant. 3B) By tightening the string to the same amount that you lengthened it, the pitch would stay the same.

4)
 * For the pitch to become higher, the length needs to decrease and the tension increase
 * For the pitch to become lower, both the length and the tension need to decrease
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">For the pitch to become lower, the length needs to increase and the tension decrease
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">For the pitch to become lower, both the length and the tension need to increase

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5A) When you press down on the fret it changes the length of the string. The shorter the string, the higher the pitch. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5B) When you tighten the strings, the pitch becomes higher.

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">6A) They can loosen or tighten the strings to change the pitch. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">6B) To change how the notes sound <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">6C) If there is more length and less tension, then the pitch becomes lower.

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">7A) So the musician can quickly change the length of the strings to variate the pitch. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">7B) No, they don't have frets. However, the musician can slide his hand on the strings to change the length <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">7C) Violinists and guitarists both have places where they need to know where to move their fingers to.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">What Do You Think Now?

When a musician wants to change the pitch on his instrument (in this case a guitar) he needs to tighten the strings to increase the tension and therefore increase the pitch.

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What Do You See <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">A girl is riding a physics wave on the beach with the ocean in the background. This is a metaphor for her riding a real wave.

What Do You Think <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Water particles move in all directions but the energy of the wave moves in a constant motion towards the shore.

Physics Talk <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">**Node:** position on a standing wave where there is always destructive interference <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">**Antinode:** position on a standing wave where there is constructive interference.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1/2(n) x lambda = length

Checking Up <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">1) A wave is a transfer of energy through a medium. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">2) A transverse wave has energy moving horizontally but particles that move vertically. A longitudinal has energy that moves in the same direction <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">3) A node is a position on a <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">standing wave where there is always destructive interference, whereas an antinode occurs where there is constructive interference.

Physics To Go <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1A) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1B) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1C) As frequency increases, wavelength decreases
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Amplitude: measures distance from equilibrium lines
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Frequency: times in one second or the reciprocal of a period
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Speed: d / t //or// wavelength x frequency
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Wavelength: from one point on a wave to the exact point on the other
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Amplitude & Wavelength: meters
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Frequency: Hertz
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Speed: m/s

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2A) The waves begin to follow one another more quickly. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2B) It makes the wavelength decrease while the frequency increases and the period quickens <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2C) The speed and amplitude remain constant

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3) You measure the exact same point on two waves, and then measure the distance between the two <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4) You measure how many waves pass that certain point in one second (frequency)

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5A) Wavelength: meters <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5B) Frequency: Hertz <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5C) Speed: m/s <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5D) Wavelength(period) = speed <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5E) Wavelength(period) = speed (m/s)

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">6A) A standing wave allows energy to floe through a medium to produce a sound <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">6B) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">6C) A complete wave length, complete with a trough and crest. It's basically from one node to the next.

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">7A)
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Transverse: vibration of a medium and an energy's flow are perpendicular
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Longitudinal: vibration of particles and energy that are parallel

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">7B) Transverse is when something is moved from side to side in a fluid motion, whereas longitude would be when an object, like a Slinky, is stretched out from both sides and released at the same time.

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">7C) The wave bounces from one spring to another.

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">8A) They are proportional because in order to make the wave length shorter you need to increase the frequency. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">8B) The wavelength becomes longer when the frequency is decreased

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">9A) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">9B) They are each 5 meters divided by the amount of antinodes
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1 - 10 m
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2 - 5 m
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3 - 1.66 m
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4 - 1.25 m
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5 - 1 m

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">10A) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1 antinode = 1/2 wavelength <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**20 m**

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">10B) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">frequency = 1 / period <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**frequency = 1/2**

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">10C) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">v = lambda(f) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">v = 20(1/2) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**v = 10 m/s**

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">11A) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">amp(1) + amp(2) = center amp <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3 cm + 2 cm = **5 cm**

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** 11B) ** <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** amp(1) - amp(2) = x ** <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** 3 cm - 2 cm = 1 cm**

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">12) v = d / t <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">v = 9 / 2.64 <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**v = 3.41 m/s**

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** 13A) Nodes ** <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** 13B) 6 m ** <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** 13C) 3.5 m **

What Do You Think Now? Water waves are transverse because they have an energy that pushes the water to the shore. The wavelengths move in the same direction, even though the water particles move up and down. The water reaches its max. and min. heights at the troughs and crests.

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<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">What Do You See? ** The boy is making an instrument with a cup, some string, and a broom. The makeshift instrument seems to be working and playing just as well as the harp used.

<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">What Do You Think? ** <span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> The tighter the string is, the more tension it possesses. This tension allows the string to vibrate faster and produce higher pitches.

<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">Physics Talk ** <span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> **Direct Relationship:** a relationship in which increasing one variable increases the other variable or decreasing one variable also decreases the other variable **Inverse Relationship:** a relationship in which decreasing one variable increases the other variable or vice versa.
 * The length of a string is always half the wavelength of the lowest frequency wave
 * Pitch and frequency are positively correlated

<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">Checking Up ** 1) When you decrease the wavelength, more waves need to fill the string and therefore a higher frequency is created. This is shown by f = v / lambda. When the frequency goes up the wavelength goes down, having a negative correlation. 2) They are directly related because the greater the tension is the higher the pitch. Pitch and tension are positively correlated. 3) Greater tension in the string causes displacement from the force and motion. The vibrations from the speed cause a higher pitch 4) L = 1/2(n)(lambda)

<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">What Do You Think Now? ** The wavelength of a standing wave is correlated to the length of a string. The length of a string is always half the wavelength of the lowest frequency wave, so a string with more tension will have more force pulling on it. The greater force causes greater vibrations, resulting in greater pitch overall.

= = = Section 4 = <span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">What Do You See? ** <span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">All of the people in the picture are blowing into various wind instruments. **

<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">What Do You Think? ** <span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">When you blow into a flute, the tighter you make your lips the higher the sound. The air escapes through various holes in the flute to make specific notes and sounds. **

<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">Physics Talk ** **<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">Diffraction: the ability of sound waves to spread out or change direction as they emerge from the opening **
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A smaller opening produces more diffraction than a large opening





<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">Checking Up ** <span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">Physics To Go ** <span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">What Do You Think Now? **